NM000242: eeg dataset, 22 subjects#

Visual imagery EEG dataset from Gao et al 2026

Access recordings and metadata through EEGDash.

Citation: Jing’ao Gao, Yao Liu, Zhengshuang Li, Kaixin Huang, Fan Wang, Jiaping Xu, Lei Zhao, Tianwen Li, Yunfa Fu (2026). Visual imagery EEG dataset from Gao et al 2026.

Modality: eeg Subjects: 22 Recordings: 125 License: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0 Source: nemar

Metadata: Complete (90%)

Quickstart#

Install

pip install eegdash

Access the data

from eegdash.dataset import NM000242

dataset = NM000242(cache_dir="./data")
# Get the raw object of the first recording
raw = dataset.datasets[0].raw
print(raw.info)

Filter by subject

dataset = NM000242(cache_dir="./data", subject="01")

Advanced query

dataset = NM000242(
    cache_dir="./data",
    query={"subject": {"$in": ["01", "02"]}},
)

Iterate recordings

for rec in dataset:
    print(rec.subject, rec.raw.info['sfreq'])

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite the original authors.

BibTeX

@dataset{nm000242,
  title = {Visual imagery EEG dataset from Gao et al 2026},
  author = {Jing'ao Gao and Yao Liu and Zhengshuang Li and Kaixin Huang and Fan Wang and Jiaping Xu and Lei Zhao and Tianwen Li and Yunfa Fu},
}

About This Dataset#

Visual imagery EEG dataset from Gao et al 2026

Visual imagery EEG dataset from Gao et al 2026.

Dataset Overview

  • Code: Gao2026

  • Paradigm: imagery

  • DOI: 10.1038/s41597-025-06512-5

View full README

Visual imagery EEG dataset from Gao et al 2026

Visual imagery EEG dataset from Gao et al 2026.

Dataset Overview

  • Code: Gao2026

  • Paradigm: imagery

  • DOI: 10.1038/s41597-025-06512-5

  • Subjects: 22

  • Sessions per subject: 2

  • Events: dog=1, bird=2, fish=3, pentagram=11, square=12, circle=13, scissor=21, watch=22, cup=23, chair=24

  • Trial interval: [0, 4] s

  • Runs per session: 3

  • File format: BDF

Acquisition

  • Sampling rate: 1000.0 Hz

  • Number of channels: 32

  • Channel types: eeg=32

  • Montage: standard_1005

  • Hardware: Neuracle NeuSenW32

  • Reference: CPz

  • Ground: AFz

  • Sensor type: Ag/AgCl

  • Line frequency: 50.0 Hz

  • Online filters: {‘sampling_rate’: 1000}

Participants

  • Number of subjects: 22

  • Health status: healthy

  • Age: min=20.0, max=23.0

  • Gender distribution: male=17, female=5

  • Species: human

Experimental Protocol

  • Paradigm: imagery

  • Number of classes: 10

  • Class labels: dog, bird, fish, pentagram, square, circle, scissor, watch, cup, chair

  • Trial duration: 4.0 s

  • Study design: Visual imagery of animals, figures, and objects with simultaneous 32-channel EEG recording

  • Feedback type: none

  • Stimulus type: image cues

  • Stimulus modalities: visual

  • Primary modality: visual

  • Synchronicity: synchronous

  • Mode: offline

HED Event Annotations

Schema: HED 8.4.0 | Browse: https://www.hedtags.org/hed-schema-browser

dog
     ├─ Sensory-event
     └─ Label/dog

bird
     ├─ Sensory-event
     └─ Label/bird

fish
     ├─ Sensory-event
     └─ Label/fish

pentagram
     ├─ Sensory-event
     └─ Label/pentagram

square
     ├─ Sensory-event
     └─ Label/square

circle
     ├─ Sensory-event
     └─ Label/circle

scissor
     ├─ Sensory-event
     └─ Label/scissor

watch
     ├─ Sensory-event
     └─ Label/watch

cup
     ├─ Sensory-event
     └─ Label/cup

chair
├─ Sensory-event
└─ Label/chair

Paradigm-Specific Parameters

  • Detected paradigm: motor_imagery

  • Imagery tasks: dog, bird, fish, pentagram, square, circle, scissor, watch, cup, chair

Data Structure

  • Trials: 16800

  • Trials context: 20 subjects x 2 sessions x 400 trials + 2 subjects x 1 session x 400 trials = 16800

Signal Processing

  • Classifiers: EEGNet, CSP+KNN

  • Feature extraction: CSP, deep_learning

  • Frequency bands: bandpass=[5.0, 30.0] Hz

  • Spatial filters: CSP, CAR

Cross-Validation

  • Method: train-test split

  • Evaluation type: within_subject

BCI Application

  • Applications: human_machine_interaction

  • Environment: laboratory

  • Online feedback: False

Tags

  • Pathology: Healthy

  • Modality: Visual

  • Type: Research

Documentation

  • DOI: 10.1038/s41597-025-06512-5

  • License: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0

  • Investigators: Jing’ao Gao, Yao Liu, Zhengshuang Li, Kaixin Huang, Fan Wang, Jiaping Xu, Lei Zhao, Tianwen Li, Yunfa Fu

  • Institution: Kunming University of Science and Technology

  • Country: CN

  • Repository: Figshare

  • Data URL: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30227503.v1

  • Publication year: 2026

References

Gao, J., Liu, Y., Li, Z., Huang, K., Wang, F., Xu, J., Zhao, L., Li, T., & Fu, Y. (2026). An EEG Dataset for Visual Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface. Scientific Data. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06512-5 Gao, J. et al. (2026). EEG Dataset for Visual Imagery. Figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30227503.v1 Appelhoff, S., Sanderson, M., Brooks, T., Vliet, M., Quentin, R., Holdgraf, C., Chaumon, M., Mikulan, E., Tavabi, K., Hochenberger, R., Welke, D., Brunner, C., Rockhill, A., Larson, E., Gramfort, A. and Jas, M. (2019). MNE-BIDS: Organizing electrophysiological data into the BIDS format and facilitating their analysis. Journal of Open Source Software 4: (1896). https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01896 Pernet, C. R., Appelhoff, S., Gorgolewski, K. J., Flandin, G., Phillips, C., Delorme, A., Oostenveld, R. (2019). EEG-BIDS, an extension to the brain imaging data structure for electroencephalography. Scientific Data, 6, 103. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0104-8 Generated by MOABB 1.5.0 (Mother of All BCI Benchmarks) https://github.com/NeuroTechX/moabb

Dataset Information#

Dataset ID

NM000242

Title

Visual imagery EEG dataset from Gao et al 2026

Author (year)

Gao2026_Visual_imagery_et

Canonical

Gao2026

Importable as

NM000242, Gao2026_Visual_imagery_et, Gao2026

Year

2026

Authors

Jing’ao Gao, Yao Liu, Zhengshuang Li, Kaixin Huang, Fan Wang, Jiaping Xu, Lei Zhao, Tianwen Li, Yunfa Fu

License

CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0

Citation / DOI

Unknown

Source links

OpenNeuro | NeMAR | Source URL

Found an issue with this dataset?

If you encounter any problems with this dataset (missing files, incorrect metadata, loading errors, etc.), please let us know!

Report an Issue on GitHub

Technical Details#

Subjects & recordings
  • Subjects: 22

  • Recordings: 125

  • Tasks: 1

Channels & sampling rate
  • Channels: 32

  • Sampling rate (Hz): 1000.0

  • Duration (hours): 98.47829861111111

Tags
  • Pathology: Healthy

  • Modality: Visual

  • Type: Other

Files & format
  • Size on disk: 31.7 GB

  • File count: 125

  • Format: BIDS

License & citation
  • License: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0

  • DOI: —

Provenance

API Reference#

Use the NM000242 class to access this dataset programmatically.

class eegdash.dataset.NM000242(cache_dir: str, query: dict | None = None, s3_bucket: str | None = None, **kwargs)[source]#

Bases: EEGDashDataset

Visual imagery EEG dataset from Gao et al 2026

Study:

nm000242 (NeMAR)

Author (year):

Gao2026_Visual_imagery_et

Canonical:

Gao2026

Also importable as: NM000242, Gao2026_Visual_imagery_et, Gao2026.

Modality: eeg; Experiment type: Other; Subject type: Healthy. Subjects: 22; recordings: 125; tasks: 1.

Parameters:
  • cache_dir (str | Path) – Directory where data are cached locally.

  • query (dict | None) – Additional MongoDB-style filters to AND with the dataset selection. Must not contain the key dataset.

  • s3_bucket (str | None) – Base S3 bucket used to locate the data.

  • **kwargs (dict) – Additional keyword arguments forwarded to EEGDashDataset.

data_dir#

Local dataset cache directory (cache_dir / dataset_id).

Type:

Path

query#

Merged query with the dataset filter applied.

Type:

dict

records#

Metadata records used to build the dataset, if pre-fetched.

Type:

list[dict] | None

Notes

Each item is a recording; recording-level metadata are available via dataset.description. query supports MongoDB-style filters on fields in ALLOWED_QUERY_FIELDS and is combined with the dataset filter. Dataset-specific caveats are not provided in the summary metadata.

References

OpenNeuro dataset: https://openneuro.org/datasets/nm000242 NeMAR dataset: https://nemar.org/dataexplorer/detail?dataset_id=nm000242

Examples

>>> from eegdash.dataset import NM000242
>>> dataset = NM000242(cache_dir="./data")
>>> recording = dataset[0]
>>> raw = recording.load()
__init__(cache_dir: str, query: dict | None = None, s3_bucket: str | None = None, **kwargs)[source]#
save(path, overwrite=False)[source]#

Save the dataset to disk.

Parameters:
  • path (str or Path) – Destination file path.

  • overwrite (bool, default False) – If True, overwrite existing file.

Return type:

None

See Also#